Water
At 6400 kilometers, or 4000 miles, in length, the Amazon River is the second longest river in the world. Twenty percent of earth’s fresh water flows through it and into the ocean at an astonishing rate of 219,000 meters cubed per second. The width of the river extends anywhere between 4 and 50 kilometers, reaching its maximum width during the wet season[1], when increased rainfall swells the river and floods the banks.
Such a large river provides important habitats for the species of the Amazon, including over 2500 species of fish and two species of river dolphins, and provides essential ecosystem services such as the transport of nutrients like carbon and nitrogen. It also provides services for humans, such as water for agriculture, power generated by hydroelectric plants, transportation, and food.
A majority of the water that flows through the Amazon River comes from glacial melt in the Peruvian Andes, at an elevation of 5.598 m[1]. It has humble beginnings in a small tributary there, but is fed along its route by over 1000 tributaries, eventually reaching a drainage basin of 7,049,948 square kilometers.
However, the balance of the water cycle in the Amazon rainforest is threatened by deforestation. Due to the process of evapotranspiration, in which trees let out water from their leaves and water evaporates from other surfaces, water vapor content is higher over forested areas. This creates clouds which affect precipitation locally and globally[2]. However, deforestation disrupts this process, and it has been shown that it leads to a loss in precipitation. This loss is especially apparent during the dry season, possibly extending it by as much as a month[2]. What’s more, deforestation doesn’t only affect precipitation – it leads to changes in river flow and discharge as well. Since roots help to maintain water in the soil, loss of forest results in increased surface runoff. This means that there is more sediment in rivers, reducing overall volume. It also means that floods are more frequent[2]. Depending on the interactions between evapotranspiration and precipitation, river annual mean discharge may either increase or decrease as a result of deforestation, but no matter what the change is, it will disrupt the current water cycle.
Important river basins are currently under threat of increased deforestation, as plans for construction projects such as the Interoceanica Sur Highway and hydroelectric dams are brought to completion. Amazon Aid is working to reforest and protect the Amazon rainforest in order to ensure that it can continue to exist as the important component of the global water cycle it is today. To learn more about our efforts, click here.

20% of all fresh water on earth flows through the Amazon
There are more species of fish in the Amazon than anywhere else on Earth
Learn more about Water and the Amazon
Experts Discuss Illicit and Unregulated Gold Mining and What You Can Do to Help
Experts Discuss Illicit and Unregulated Gold Mining and What You Can Do to Helpby Charlie EspinosaSeptember 24, 2019On September 20, 2019, three activists with diverse specializations participated in a webinar to discuss the negative impact of illicit and unregulated...
The Companies that are Contributing to the Amazon Fires: Use the Power of Your Wallet to Avoid Purchasing Products that are Destroying the Amazon
by Jana Gamble August 30, 2019 Many of you have been asking about what you can do to protect the Amazon. We know that the root cause of the fires that are currently raging through the region at an unprecedented rate is rapid deforestation for the purposes of...
“Não existe planeta B.” Como as multidões estão reagindo aos incêndios da Amazonia no Brasil
Protesters rallied up in at least forty Brazilian cities during the weekend to speak up against deforestation and the 83% increase in Brazilian forest fires compared to the same period last year.
“There is no Planet B:” How crowds are speaking up against the Amazon forest fires in Brazil
Protesters rallied up in at least forty Brazilian cities during the weekend to speak up against deforestation and the 83% increase in Brazilian forest fires compared to the same period last year.
Amazon Rainforest Trees As Sentient Beings
by Sarah duPont "Trees are poems that the earth writes upon the sky.” ― Kahlil Gibran The Amazon Rainforests has the largest amassing of trees, holding three times more trees than stars in the Milky Way. There are around 390 billion trees-so many that they make...
Freshwater Species of the Amazon
In addition to harboring high levels of terrestrial biodiversity, the Amazon basin also contains the largest share of freshwater species in the world due to the immense size of the basin and the variety of aquatic habitat available [1]. Freshwater species in the...
The 3 Types of Rivers in the Rainforest
In the rainforest, the color of the water in a river holds the story of the river’s origin. A river that passes through hard, rocky areas looks very different than one that passes through soft soil. The kinds of plants that grow along its course, the minerals that are...
A Self-Watering Rainforest
Water is a compound essential for life. It makes up about 60% of the human body and covers about 71% of the Earth’s surface. Yet researchers from the University of Exeter and Colorado State University, using computer modeling, showed evidence that the Amazon...