Los Pueblos Indígenas
ILos pueblos indígenas habitan una gran parte del Amazonas y sus creencias tradicionales y culturales han existido durante siglos, resguardando un conocimiento extenso sobre el Amazonas tropical.
Dentro de Brasil, se estima que la población indígena es de 310,000. Alrededor de 280,000 de estas personas indígenas residen en áreas que han sido designadas específicamente como reservas. A fines del siglo XV, se calculaba que el número total de pueblos indígenas en el Amazonas superaba los 6 millones. Hay 160 sociedades diferentes dentro de las fronteras del Amazonas brasilero que hablan 195 idiomas diferentes. [2] A pesar de su asentamiento tradicional dentro de las selvas tropicales en Brasil, sus derechos legales y constitucionales solo les proporcionan alrededor del 20 por ciento de la tierra dentro del Amazonas brasilero. Un estudio realizado por un consorcio de investigadores estadounidenses y brasileros demostró que las tasas de deforestación dentro de las áreas indígenas protegidas son menores en comparación con las tierras no protegidas, lo que significa que las tierras indígenas podrían servir como depósitos importantes para las especies amenazadas y podrían usarse conjuntamente con los esfuerzos de conservación. [5]
Aunque las comunidades indígenas de otros países con bosques tropicales (Bolivia, Ecuador, Perú, Colombia, las Guayanas, Venezuela y Suriname) no son tan grandes como las del Brasil, cuentan con un conocimiento profundo y detallado de la selva tropical. Gran parte de este conocimiento se refiere al uso de especies de bosque lluvioso para medicinas tradicionales. Los pueblos Tisame del Amazonas boliviano son un buen ejemplo: aproximadamente el 20% de todas las plantas que consumen son usadas con fines medicinales, y los Tisame utilizan 47 especies locales diferentes. [6] Los botánicos tropicales frequentemente hacen uso del conocimiento local para clasificar e identificar las especies de plantas locales, vinculando así prácticas y usos medicinales tradicionales y culturales de las especies amazónicas con el mundo actual de la ciencia y la conservación.
La población no indígena del Amazonas ha incrementado significativamente. Desde la década de 1960 hasta finales de la década de 1990, este número aumentó de 2 millones a alrededor de 20 millones. [1] A medida que el desarrollo de proyectos de infraestructura continúa creciendo dentro de la selva amazónica, la migración de pueblos no indigenas aumentará y entrará en conflicto con los habitantes tradicionales de los bosques, particularmente aquellos que no están siendo protegidos por las reservas. De los grupos indígenas cuya existencia se conocían en 1900, un tercio de estos grupos se han extinguido. [3] A la pérdida de estas poblaciones le sigue la devastadora pérdida de diversidad cultural, tesoros de información antropológica y socios para el futuro de la conservación en el Amazonas. [4]
- De los grupos indígenas cuya existencia se conocían en 1900, un tercio de estos grupos se han extinguido.
- A fines del siglo XV, se calculaba que el número total de personas indígenas en el Amazonas superaba los 6 millones.
A pesar de que existen obligaciones morales, históricas y culturales de mantener las tierras de los pueblos indígenas bajo su control, estas culturas se enfrentan con una variedad de amenazas a su existencia del mundo exterior. El primer contacto entre culturas indígenas aisladas trae consigo una mortalidad de entre un tercio y la mitad de la población durante los primeros años. [7] Si bien la mayoría de los países tienen leyes que prohíben el contacto con estas poblaciones aisladas para evitar que mueran, algunos países renuncian a estas leyes con el fin del desarrollo económico. Perú se convirtió en un ejemplo notable del levantamiento de un interdicto de protección cuando en el año 2006 aprobó una ley y en el 2007 un Decreto Presidencial que permiten el contacto con pueblos indígenas, beneficiando el desarrollo económico por encima de la preservación cultural. No es sorpresa, dado que en casi el 72 por ciento del Amazonas del Perú está permitida la exploración de petróleo y gas natural. [8] Está claro que debemos prestar más atención a este tema de desarrollo si queremos conservar la diversidad cultural, la salud y el bienestar de los pueblos indígenas en el Amazonas y la salud del funcionamiento del Amazonas como ecosistema.
Escrito por Dr. Dave Lutz para Amazon Aid
De los grupos indígenas cuya existencia se conocían en 1900, un tercio de estos grupos se han extinguido.
A fines del siglo XV, se calculaba que el número total de personas indígenas en el Amazonas superaba los 6 millones
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